Pneumococcal Vaccination: What Adults Need to Know in 2026

Pneumococcal disease is a serious bacterial infection that can cause pneumonia, meningitis, and bloodstream infections. While many people associate vaccination with childhood immunisation schedules, pneumococcal protection is just as important for adults — and Australia's recommendations have been updated in 2026.

Here's what you need to know.

What is pneumococcal disease?

Pneumococcal disease is caused by the bacterium *Streptococcus pneumoniae*. It spreads through respiratory droplets and can cause a range of illnesses, from mild ear infections to life-threatening conditions including:

• Community-acquired pneumonia — the most common serious form in adults
• Bacteraemia — a bloodstream infection that can be rapidly fatal
• Meningitis — infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

In Australia, pneumococcal disease causes thousands of hospitalisations each year. Adults aged 65 and over, and those with certain medical conditions, are at significantly higher risk of severe illness and death.

What has changed in 2026?

The Australian Immunisation Handbook has been updated to reflect new evidence and the availability of higher-valency vaccines. The key changes include:

PCV15 and PCV20 now recommended for adults

Two newer pneumococcal conjugate vaccines — PCV15 (Vaxneuvance) and PCV20 (Prevenar 20) — are now recommended for adults in Australia. These vaccines cover more strains of *Streptococcus pneumoniae* than the older PCV13 (Prevenar 13), offering broader protection.

• PCV20 covers 20 strains and can be used as a single-dose schedule for many adults, simplifying the vaccination pathway.
• PCV15 covers 15 strains and is typically followed by a dose of the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (23vPPV) for those at highest risk.

Updated schedules for high-risk groups

Adults with certain conditions — including diabetes, chronic heart, lung, kidney or liver disease, and those who are immunocompromised — now have updated recommended schedules. Your GP will assess your individual history and advise the most appropriate vaccine and timing.

Free vaccines under the National Immunisation Program (NIP)

From 2026, PCV20 is funded under the NIP for:

• All adults aged 65 years and over
• Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults aged 50 years and over
• Adults of any age with medical conditions that increase their risk of pneumococcal disease

If you received an older pneumococcal vaccine (such as PCV13 or 23vPPV), you may still benefit from an updated dose — speak with your GP about your vaccination history.

Who should get vaccinated?

You should discuss pneumococcal vaccination with your GP if you:

• Are aged 65 or over
• Are an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander adult aged 50 or over
• Have diabetes (type 1 or type 2)
• Have a chronic heart, lung, kidney or liver condition
• Have a weakened immune system (including those on immunosuppressive therapy or with HIV)
• Have had your spleen removed or have a non-functioning spleen
• Have cochlear implants or a cerebrospinal fluid leak
• Are a smoker (smoking increases susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia)

Even if you have been vaccinated previously, the updated schedules mean you may be due for an additional dose with a newer vaccine.

What about the pneumococcal vaccine and the flu shot?

Yes — you can receive your pneumococcal vaccine at the same visit as your annual influenza vaccine. In fact, co-administration is recommended where possible to reduce the number of clinic visits and ensure timely protection heading into winter.

If you haven't had your flu vaccine yet this season, ask our reception team about booking a combined immunisation appointment.

How do I check my vaccination status?

Your vaccination history is recorded on the Australian Immunisation Register (AIR). You can access your AIR record through:

• myGov — linked to Medicare
• My Health Record
• Your GP — we can access your AIR record directly and advise whether you are up to date

If you are unsure whether you have received a pneumococcal vaccine, or which type, please don't guess — book an appointment and we'll check your record and advise accordingly.

Book a vaccination appointment at The Oaks General Practice

Our GPs are experienced in preventive health and adult immunisation. Whether you need a first-time pneumococcal vaccine, an updated dose under the new schedule, or simply want to review your overall immunisation status, we're here to help.

The Oaks General Practice

73 Central Avenue, Oak Flats NSW 2529

Phone: (02) 4257 1234

Book an appointment online via HotDoc or call us during practice hours.

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*This article is intended as general health information only. Please consult your GP for personalised advice about your vaccination needs.*